Calling all Iowa voters

New Year’s Day in 2008 witnessed the launch of Senator Barack Obama’s application on no less than  Facebook. Yes, the Democratic presidential candidate was trying to win friends, although probably not in the same way as other users. Obama’s account was used to send out a call for members coming from Iowa, urging them to participate on that state’s caucus. The application even warns that Obama might not be able to win the Democratic nomination if these members did not go out to show support.

Other than using Web 2.0 technology to bring in much needed support, politicians have also used many of its tools for other important tasks. Web 2.0 has not only been used to post news and updates but also to raise money for the candidate’s campaigns. Texas representative Ron Paul has successfully used the Internet to drive support for his camp’s fundraising.

Now the question: what has Web 2.0 done to promote the cause and objectives of the candidates? Has Web 2.0 made any changes to the Iowa caucus that can be called significant? Or did it have no impact whatsoever on the number of people who cast their votes? Experts believe there’s no easy answer to the question, especially since it involves the World Wide Web. Success on the Internet, it seems, doesn’t always translate to equal success offline.

Take the case of Paul, for example. Although his fundraising campaign was indicative of a good amount of support, it didn’t do much for him vote-wise. Paul was arguably much more successful with his online efforts compared to other candidates, but that is where his magic stopped. Offline, he still needed to work on getting the votes.

Let’s compare Paul to Mike Huckabee, for example. Huckabee was undeniably a snail compared to Paul’s
hare when it came to online performance. Paul’s Meetup supporters number 88,000. Huckabee’s was a
measly 7,000 on the same site. However, Huckabee demonstrated some strong showing when it came to organizing for fundraisers all over the country. And yes, he did win the Iowa caucus.

Significance of Web 2.0 to the Iowa caucuses

An interesting observation about the use of Web 2.0 in the Iowa caucuses is that both winners (Obama and Huckabee) had used the technology. They reached out to voters and their friends through social network contacts and blogs. They also started early.

The use of Web 2.0 in the Iowa caucuses also produced something pleasant: an increase in the participation of younger voters. These are young people in the 18 to 29 age bracket.

Going willingly

The apparent difference in the effect of Web 2.0 on the Iowa caucuses probably rests in the fact that this technology is built on choice. So what if you got the call to participate? I could but then again, I may not. Web 2.0 presented an informal way to encourage people to become part of a more serious issue and then allowing them to exercise their will. It also reached out to undecided voters using a medium that made sure the message was heard.

So what will Web 2.0 effect on the Iowa caucuses result to? Web 2.0 is an undeniably effective method to expand influence and there is proof it can be a powerful component of a politician’s arsenal. All they have to do is find the best timing and techniques to make sure that their online performance does indeed translate to real life votes.

Copyright(C) 2009 by John Delavera & Reimund Lube

What is the Long Tail?

The Long Tail refers to the phrase that was first coined by Chris Anderson in his speech series beginning in 2004. It refers to a feature of certain statistical distributions that show high frequency populations being followed by low frequency populations which tail off gradually. This feature is also known as heavy tails, Pareto tails or power law tails. The tail refers to the long extension in a demand curve. Put simply, the Long Tail reflects the volume of low-popularity products which exceed that of very popular ones.

The Long Tail in Web 2.0

To demonstrate how Long Tail appears in Web 2.0, let’s consider blogs. Blogs began life as personal journals of people who were unafraid to share them with other people. People posted everything from their favorite movie list to their Southeast Asian vacations to their marital woes. But blogs soon took a life of their own and pretty soon dominated a good portion of the Internet to become the force that it is considered today.

Blogs are a good example of the Long Tail in Web 2.0. They are small sites but their number help make a good bulk of the content found online. They evolved from being a personal message to becoming the must-go-to resource for advice, recommendations and even specialized knowledge. And people flocked to them either as users or as content providers. Soon, businesses started noticing the potential of these blogs and began using them for their own ends. And the rest is history in the making.

Significance of the Long Tail in Web 2.0

Web 2.0 Long Tail requires using content that are less popular and providing them to users. Although that may seem ironic, it actually is quite practical. This type of content has failed to find a following simply because they were unavailable or were just too difficult to access.

Offline, this problem is confounded by physical limitations of space. If you have a 30 square meter booth selling books and CDs, for example, it would be very difficult indeed to fit 150,000 titles in there. With Web 2.0 technology, however, this is not a problem. Online businesses such as Amazon, eBay and Barnes & Noble can ‘stack’ hundreds of thousands of items without worrying about space or the lack of it. Furthermore, companies can provide digital content, an offer so difficult to resist considering it’s fast, convenient and works like its physical equivalent.

It’s probably safe to say that Web 2.0 has proven the Long Tail really does exist and actually works. Coupled by technology that grows more reliable by the minute, Web 2.0 has made it possible for businesses to thrive and exhibit the Long Tail curve. By enabling reliable access to products and services previously unavailable to consumers, Web 2.0 has created an environment where virtually anything and everything can have value.

Here is where this lesson ends for today. We really hope you enjoyed this lesson too.

You will receive the next lesson in 7 days. Next week’s lesson will have the following title:

“Can the Internet Sway Your Vote? Web 2.0 and the Iowa Caucus”

Copyright(C) 2009 by John Delavera & Reimund Lube

Advantages of Web 2.0 open source

Other than the fact that it doesn’t take a lot of moolah to obtain and use, Web 2.0 open source is also a harbinger of things to come. It has shifted priorities from providing applications and facilities that can be bought to providing products that are not only high quality, they can be obtained without any cost.

Although the very first thought that might come to mind is that it helps distribute functionality faster, it actually goes so much deeper than that. Companies that offer these products realize that they will have to offer quality along with the convenience. Otherwise, they will be on the losing end.

The product not only should perform as expected, it should be capable of enhancing user experience. As a result, leaner, more superior products are produced. Services are improved and functionalities multiply. It’s like having McDonald’s add to their product list and throwing in a personal chef service.

Web 2.0 open source also makes it possible for this type of technology, along with similar technologies to be accessed by more people. Products used for the same purposes usually were only available to large corporations or individuals who were willing or capable to buy them.

With Web 2.0 open source, this was no longer necessary.

As more and more applications and software become available, more and more people get to use them. The lack of exclusivity allows more people to enjoy the experience of the functionalities that these applications offer. As a result, it has become more possible for access to learning and the accompanying skills to be obtained.

The end of the pissing match?

Remember way back when Microsoft and Netscape competed like bulls? Anyone would tell you that competition is healthy but there were problems with user experience that did not exactly make people cheer on the sidelines. When there are too sacrifices to be made on the user’s end, the quality of the product suffers.

True, competition in terms of producing the better quality product will continue, but it is merely a battle for people’s loyalty and the bragging rights to have been the one to develop and produce the application that will rock the masses.

The future of Web 2.0 open source

A new platform for Web 2.0 open source has emerged, called Once:radix, released by Once:Technologies. The software heralds a brave new world that lets small businesses harness Web 2.0 technology, a capability that only big corporations had access to in the past. Once:Technologies combines Once:radix with known projects that are only open source, such as Mozilla, Apache, PostgreSQL and JasperReports.

It also seems that Microsoft itself is getting in on the fray. To meet the full force of Google Office, it is making possible Office Live and a lightweight application in accounting called Office Accounting Express 2007 that could be used online. And yes, as the answer to Adsense ads, there’s… what else?
Microsoft ads. And that’s probably just the beginning. Web 2.0 open source is not just an inevitability, it is also a revolution.

Here is where this lesson ends for today. We really hope you enjoyed this lesson too.

You will receive the next lesson in 7 days. Next week’s lesson will have the following title:

“The Long Tail End of Web 2.0″

Copyright(C) 2009 by John Delavera & Reimund Lube

SaaS as the new chance of success on Web 2.0

The ASP or the Application Service Provider is a model during the 1990s which failed significantly despite its hype and the amount of the capital money it has been provided. During the Software as a Service Summit held in Napa, industry analysts and leaders who gathered there concluded that the new version of the ASP, now called Software-as-a-Service or SaaS has far better chances than ASP because of today’s market conditions. According to the SaaS proponents, because of the growing number of people who can afford to access the high-speed Internet, computer technology and Web vendors are willing to e mbrace the open standards which are only a few factors that were able to develop an innovative and rich environment for the SaaS to thrive.

In the past, when ASPs convinced a lot of customers to allow them to host their software and IT systems, an online business could only be considered a novel concept mainly because access on the Internet was not as fast and widespread as it is today. Only a few years ago that the Internet broadband has surfaced and allowed a lot of people to access a lot of applications found on the Web in a simpler and cost-efficient way. This is why SaaS has been in demand nowadays, unlike what happened to the ASP.

Why Web 2.0 SaaS generated a lot of customers

Since It systems are hard to maintain and can be very expensive, most companies are now more agreeable to give up their control of the software they managed and their networks to someone or something who can work far better than what they can do. People in general became aware on the notion that they can’t do everything perfectly all by themselves. They were able to see the reason how they became very at ease when doing some transactions over the Web. This in fact is a trend that made the success of SaaS providers. With more people doing online transactions on the Web, they will also be willing to embrace other online business services other than SaaS to become even more comfortable with anything related to the Web.

Web 2.0 SaaS today

These past few years, the materialization of the open technology principles and the eagerness of leading companies such as the Microsoft and IBM corporations to allow their IT systems to be interoperated have also provided help to the growth and development of the SaaS market. According to Sal Visca, a senior director in the Business Objects SA, had said that the construction of these Web services standards allowed the Web to become a phenomenon we commonly call as Web 2.0. Web development today has made great changes due to these standards and also offered most companies with a way to let their software interoperate even better.

Here is where this lesson ends for today. We really hope you enjoyed this lesson too.

You will receive the next lesson in 7 days. Next week’s lesson will have the following title:

“Web 2.0 Open Source: Advantages and Expectations”

Copyright(C) 2009 by John Delavera & Reimund Lube

What are apps?

The term apps is short for applications. These are small computer programs that perform certain specific tasks, usually to supplement a main program or to add to the functionality of a computer system. Apps vary in specific functions and they can be used for account or site management, finance, games, education and many types of research. These apps are often designed to work or add to the functionality of Web 2.0 technologies.

Some of the most useful Web 2.0 apps you might want to check out include:

Organization and schedule management applications

Keep missing out on an important meeting? Have a special occasion coming up that you have to be ready for? Trying to meet the deadline on a specific project? Try Google Calendar. This is an excellent Web 2.0 apps that let you organize your schedule and keep track of events. Events may be color coded so they are easy to identify. This application lets you view your schedule on a daily or weekly basis. This Web 2.0 apps also includes a plug-in that functions as a reminder.

A similar application is AJAX Calendar, which lets you click on an event and drag it to a chosen date. This is
great to use for events that stretch on for days or weeks and has an easy to use interface. Also great to use are CalendarHub, Spongecell and Backpack.

Investment and money management applications

CAPS is a great Web 2.0 apps courtesy of Motley Fool. This is a perfect application to use if you’re a diehard
stock market fan and wish to multiply your money on well-placed investments. This application lets you track all your investments, organize your stock portfolio and even keep track of forecasts and trade history.

A similar application is Bullpoo, which functions in much the same way as CAPS. With this application, you
can work with an investment community and even compare how you are doing to others.

Similar Web 2.0 apps you might want to check out are FeelingBullish, StockTickr, GStock and DigStock.

Real estate management

Real estate has its ups and downs but there’s always room for investing in a house and lot. Or maybe a condo or two. There are Web 2.0 apps that help you manage your properties and even assist you in finding and selling real estate.

One Web 2.0 apps you might want to consider is iiProperty. You can manage all your real estate investments online. Do anything from tracking leases and rents to managing your properties’ expenses and income, including sending out notices or rent invoices to your tenants. This application can also help you advertise your properties in case you want to rent out or sell and will even let you use images to promote them.

A similar application is Homethinking, which lets you find real estate agents and the properties they are
currently handling at the moment. Perfect if you’re in the market to buy.

Travel management

If you’re a frequent traveler or would like to be so in the next few weeks, try CFares. This is the perfect Web 2.0 apps to use if you spend a lot of time traveling. It lets you look at possible trips from one location to the next, choose your schedule and even your ticket class. In case of any glitches, this application will let you check other airports in your vicinity in case you’ll need an alternate. Best of all, it will check for lowest airfares. If you become a member, it gets even better – you can buy your tickets online.

Here is where this lesson ends for today. We really hope you enjoyed this lesson too.

You will receive the next lesson in 7 days. Next week’s lesson will have the following title:

“How Web 2.0 SaaS Became the “Next Big Thing” on the Internet”

Copyright(C) 2009 by John Delavera & Reimund Lube

What is CMS?

CMS is content management system, used for the management of website content. Generally, CMS is deployed by site owners and site administrators to allow the interactive use of a website by multiple contributors. One of the best examples for this type of content management is the wiki, where numerous users create content through collaboration. Content may be textual, audio or video.

Uses of CMS

The point of CMS is to ensure that these files are produced and made available for use on the Internet. In
many organizations, CMS is also used for archiving files and other information, so that they can be accessed at any time. An established CMS also helps individuals and organizations to share files more easily using a
server-based system, allowing more people access.

CMS is very useful, often utilized for storing, publishing and controlling documentation and information such as news, articles, guides, how-to manuals and other technical manuals and brochures.

CMS in Web 2.0

Experts and industry observers will tell you that in the Web 2.0 environment, CMS is the necessary tool. It would be difficult indeed for a website to survive in this era where ‘content is king’ if it did not rely on a dependable system to manage its offerings. The more accessible the site’s content is, the easier for users to find it, browse it and if necessary, make changes in it. The end result is a much improved quality in the type of content that a site can provide.

These days, the more unique the content, the more highly valued it is. In fact, it’s no longer about using the
newest software – it’s more about being able to create and provide content that people will not be able to
access anywhere else. If the use is more creative for a broader audience, the more highly sought-after the site will become. This is probably what prompted Tim O’Reilly, himself the purveyor of the Web 2.0 phenomenon, to declare that data is the new Intel Inside.’

Collaboration in the 21st century

CMS is about producing and managing valuable content and it has the perfect opportunity in the Web 2.0 environment where collective intelligence is key. A site owner or administrator who prefers to be limited by either technology or his imagination stands to lose plenty in terms of audience and relevance. The more chances you provide to users to participate in a worthwhile project, the more value you create for your site and its service. As a result, the more value your content will have, thanks to the dynamism and vibrancy provided by your host of collaborators.

CMS and Web 2.0

In order for a website to harness CMS in a Web 2.0 environment, it must use interface that offers rich functionalities, along with speedy responses. Features must be simple to use and yet highly useful. Layout is
secondary only to the quality of the content and its flexibility to be edited, adapted, mashed and distributed. Content is now made of objects and treated as such. Service interfaces must meet the standards and yet still be flexible enough to adapt to multiple devices to be able to reach a wider audience.

Here is where this lesson ends for today. We really hope you enjoyed this lesson too.

You will receive the next lesson in 7 days. Next week’s lesson will have the following title:

“Web 2.0 Apps You Should Be Using”

Copyright(C) 2009 by John Delavera & Reimund Lube

Later, Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh popularized their icon-driven interfaces for their
operating systems. Although, today, we are now on Web 2.0, icons are still very useful on many web sites.

Role of icons in a user interaction

The modern day icons, also called Web 2.0 icons represent anything a web developer may want the way it has to. Using icons on web sites promotes user friendliness  since users will immediately know by the image of the icon what it is all about. Different icons have different representations and the distinction between each other can be shown by:

• Distinction in sizes

• Patterns of contrast

• Composition

• Use of shadows and frames

• Contrasting of colors

• Animation

Creating a Web 2.0 icon

Using Adobe Photoshop, you could create a Web 2.0 icon for your web site. With these simple steps, you can make your very own Web 2.0 icon:

1. The first thing you have to do is to choose the color of your icon. Make sure the color you have in mind fits well into your web site’s whole layout. Once a color is selected, draw the shape of your icon. Most Web 2.0 icons are rounded rectangles. Rastesize its shape when you have seen that its color and size match well with it.

Name this layer, Shape. You may also want to make a few adjustments such as adding an inner shadow on the edges of the icon.

2. Create a second layer just below the shape layer and you may call it a Border. Once you have chosen the
shape for the first layer, go back to the border layer and expand the thickness of the border the way you want it to.

3. A gradient style may be added to the background to have your icon a fading effect.

4. Make another layer and place it above the Shape layer. You can call this layer Glow. Go back to the Shape layer and make use of a gradient fill.

5. Make another layer above the Glow layer and name it Gloss. Go to your Shape layer and make the necessary adjustments so that your layers are all in order.

6. Once you are satisfied with the appearance of your layers, this is the time where you may insert your own
icon. Insert the icon just above the Glow layer and below the Gloss layer. To make your icon stand-out,
you may apply the Emboss and Bevel style on it.

7. If you are satisfied with the way your whole icon looks like, you may size the icon to your likeness. If
not, you may always experiment on the different tools of the Photoshop and see its after-effect.

Here is where this lesson ends for today. We really hope you enjoyed this lesson too.

You will receive the next lesson in 7 days. Next week’s lesson will have the following title:

“The Need for an Adaptable CMS in Web 2.0″

Copyright(C) 2008 by John Delavera & Reimund Lube

The importance of using Web 2.0 buttons

Creating these buttons for additional web effects may seem difficult to you; however, with a lot of new discoveries in the computer technology, you may not need to become a professional web designer to be able to create a simple one.

A lot of sites have even posted numerous tutorials in creating web 2.0 elements, buttons included so that all of us could create these things to make our site more popular. Nowadays, it’s an added bonus for a web site with a great layout and a few simple touches of artistic effects. Not only do people look for sites that contain important content but they also take notice of the site’s appearance. Thus, this is where these Web 2.0 elements come in. Buttons are one of these special effects that can add a great deal of appearance as well as importance to your web site.

Steps in creating Web 2.0 buttons

With the help of an Adobe Photoshop, you could easily create a Web 2.0 button. Here are a few simple and easy steps on how to make a Web 2.0 button:

1. Go to the Adobe Photoshop and create a new document for the Web 2.0 button.

2. Construct the button’s size and shape out of your preference. Since most Web 2.0 buttons are rounded
rectangle, you might as well use this shape using the Rounded Rectangle tool on the toolbar.

3. Right click on the rectangle layer on the Layer’s palette and with the Photoshop’s blending options, it
enables you to blend the button’s colors.

4. Go to the Gradient Overlay and set the effect parameters.

5. Set the button’s Inner Glow effect preferences.

6. Once you are satisfied with the result, construct a rectangle using the tool on the Rounded Rectangle as it
will be used as a button glare.

7. Right click the layer with “glare” and choose the Rastesize Layer.

8. Click the edit button located on the Quick Mask Mode on the toolbar.

9. Then, make a gradient using the Gradient Tool and see if you’ll like the effect.

10. After you have exited the Quick Mask Mode, go to the selection area and click the delete button.

11. Add the layer with your text and icon on it. Set then the parameters of the Drop Shadow effect. Now, you have your very own Web 2.0 button. You can add or change any of the effects of your button to create more buttons.

Adding Web 2.0 buttons on your web site

Now that you know now how to create these buttons, adding them to your web pages is very simple. It only takes a few seconds before you can see their full effects on your web pages. With these buttons, they will allow users to manage your web pages in a simple way. Putting Web 2.0 buttons on one’s site is the latest trend on the online marketplace.
These colorful and helpful tools will certainly attract more visitors to visit your site regularly. Today, you
can’t really have a Web 2.0 web site if you don’t use buttons and other Web 2.0 elements.

Here is where this lesson ends for today. We really hope you enjoyed this lesson too.

You will receive the next lesson in 7 days. Next week’s lesson will have the following title:

“Icons of Web 2.0 and How to Create Them”

Copyright(C) 2009 by John Delavera & Reimund Lube

Identifying the Web 2.0 fonts

It can be incredibly difficult to nail down the exact standards for a font that can be classified as reflective
of the Web 2.0 environment. However, there are certain characteristics.

First, websites using Web 2.0 font tend to lean towards the modern and the innovative, preferring a cleaner, more streamlined look for their sites. The loud, bright colors and texts used in some sites are often chosen mainly for effect or as a means to grab attention but not intended as a main defining characteristic. Fonts used in a Web 2.0 site look open and inviting, encouraging people to join in, stick around and if necessary, collaborate.

Size matters as well. Big fonts had a field day in the past but these days, they look quaint and in some
instances, too attention-grabbing. Fonts are usually one of the top design issues considered by users and the most oft-complained about – too frozen, too small, too low of a contrast between the background and the text itself.

In a Web 2.0 environment, the two major font considerations include regular or small font size and readability. Still the most popular size is 14 to 16 point, given a resolution of about 1024 by 768. Larger
fonts just make a site more readable.

Some of the types of fonts used in Web 2.0 sites include certain distinct qualities. Some of these fonts you
might want to use are:

Rounded typefaces

There has been a recent trend in using fonts that have rounded ends, such as Arial Rounded, FF Cocon and
Helvetica Rounded. These fonts appear softer and are easy on the eyes. They provide a modern look and feel to a title or an article.

Classic typefaces

There are fonts that continue to be quite useful and popular in the Web 2.0 environment. Classics are
instantly recognizable and are quite comfortable to work with. The most popularly used include Helvetica
(found on most websites), News Gothic, FF Meta (standard or bold), Avenir and Interstate.

Futuristic typefaces

There are also Web 2.0 sites that put an emphasis on innovation and futuristic looks. This is in response to
the new advances in technology. These fonts are often labeled as ‘techno’ and are characterized by simplicity, with edges that are hard and solid. Some of these fonts include: Digital Sans, ITC Bauhaus, Agency, Handel Gothic and FF Dot Matrix.

Serif fonts

Serif fonts are still popular but they have evolved over the years, with newer typefaces emerging. Courier, for
example, may still be popular but is quite limited. A better choice is probably American Typewriter, which is
a more stylized version. Another serifed font that works well is Clarendon and ITC Officina, which is  semi-serifed.

Sans serif fonts

Sans serif typefaces are excellent for use for Web 2.0. These fonts are clean and streamlined and work well in
most websites. Some of these fonts include Frutiger and Helvetica.

Here is where this lesson ends for today. We really hope you enjoyed this lesson too.

You will receive the next lesson in 7 days. Next week’s lesson will have the following title:

“Simple and Easy Steps in Creating Web 2.0 Buttons”

Copyright(C) 2009 by John Delavera & Reimund Lube

Simplicity in concept and execution

A distinctive design feature of Web 2.0 is simplicity in terms of layout, font choice and outline. Although bold, Web 2.0 sites are more streamlined and clean in order to make way for what’s more important, which is content. Since websites in the Web 2.0 environment thrive on content, that is usually what users aim for when they check out your offerings. Design and look, while still important, are usually only secondary.

The trick here is to use the simplicity of the website’s distinct design features in order to lead the visitor
directly to the content.

Just because a site is simple doesn’t mean it’s minimalist, by the way. Minimalism is a deliberate move to maintain the visual cleanliness of the design. In the simplicity of a Web 2.0 site, the purpose behind is just to ensure that the site is functional. As a result, all elements included in the design are chosen because they are absolutely needed in order to convey a message.

Visuals are used mainly for support

Unless imagery is the site’s main feature, such as in sites that promote photo images and videos, a Web 2.0
site has a distinctive design that features less distracting graphics and images. The imagery is carefully
selected in order to maximize the page while at the same time providing the much needed look or feel of the site. The imagery is also used to support the textual content featured on the web page.

Plain background

Some sites still exhibit graphics or images on their backgrounds but more and more sites are preferring a plain background with softer colors. The choice of colors also tends to lean towards the neutral, as evidenced by more and more sites using gray and white. The choice of these colors is intentional. A neutral shade provides a good surface with which to showcase more colorful texts in headlines or labels.

Strong colors

Although a plain, neutral background often allows splashes of colors, a distinctive design feature of Web 2.0 sites is that most site owners and designers prefer not to take advantage of this too much. Strong, bright colors are used but only sparingly and only to add contrast to catch the eye. Strong colors are not intended to shock users and visitors and as such, are only used as highlights, not as a prevailing theme.

Big text

In Web 2, fonts are bigger. Titles and headlines often are different in size than body text.

Strong, attractive design component are used sparingly. In Web 2.0, a distinctive design concept is to use
special effects, icons and graphics sparingly, especially if they appear on the same page. Too many elements that are all attractive in their own way often prove distracting and keep the eye too busy. This not only  makes the web page appear cluttered, it will also confuse the visitor.

Cleaner outline

More white space is a distinct design of Web 2.0. Sites are less crowded, which allows the eye to rest in between content. More space also means it’s easier for visitors to identify the different elements in a web page.

Here is where this lesson ends for today. We really hope you enjoyed this lesson too.

You will receive the next lesson in 7 days. Next week’s lesson will have the following title:

“The Effective Use of Fonts for Web 2.0″

Copyright(C) 2008 by John Delavera & Reimund Lube